Implement simple todo application with FastAPI and SQLite

- Set up project structure and FastAPI app
- Create database models and SQLAlchemy connection
- Implement Alembic migration scripts
- Add CRUD API endpoints for Todo items
- Add health check endpoint
- Set up validation, error handling, and middleware
- Add comprehensive documentation in README.md

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,130 @@
-# FastAPI Application
+# Simple Todo Application
 
-This is a FastAPI application bootstrapped by BackendIM, the AI-powered backend generation platform.
+## Overview
+
+This is a simple todo application API built with FastAPI and SQLite. It provides a RESTful API for managing todo items with the following features:
+
+- Create, read, update, and delete todo items
+- Filter todos by completion status
+- Health check endpoint
+- Validation and error handling
+- CORS support
+- Request logging
+
+## Technologies Used
+
+- **FastAPI**: A modern, fast (high-performance) web framework for building APIs with Python
+- **SQLAlchemy**: SQL toolkit and Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) for Python
+- **Pydantic**: Data validation and settings management using Python type hints
+- **SQLite**: Lightweight disk-based database
+- **Alembic**: Database migration tool for SQLAlchemy
+- **Uvicorn**: ASGI server for running the FastAPI application
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── api
+│   │   ├── endpoints
+│   │   │   └── todos.py        # Todo API endpoints
+│   │   ├── health.py           # Health check endpoint
+│   │   └── routes.py           # API router setup
+│   ├── core
+│   │   ├── config.py           # Application configuration
+│   │   ├── error_handlers.py   # Global error handlers
+│   │   └── exceptions.py       # Custom exceptions
+│   ├── db
+│   │   ├── crud
+│   │   │   ├── base.py         # Base CRUD operations
+│   │   │   └── crud_todo.py    # Todo-specific CRUD operations
+│   │   └── session.py          # Database session setup
+│   ├── middleware
+│   │   └── logging.py          # Request logging middleware
+│   ├── models
+│   │   ├── base.py             # Base SQLAlchemy model
+│   │   └── todo.py             # Todo model definition
+│   └── schemas
+│       └── todo.py             # Pydantic schemas for Todo model
+├── migrations
+│   ├── env.py                  # Alembic environment configuration
+│   ├── script.py.mako          # Alembic script template
+│   └── versions
+│       └── 20240101_initial_todo_table.py  # Initial database migration
+├── alembic.ini                 # Alembic configuration
+├── main.py                     # Application entry point
+└── requirements.txt            # Project dependencies
+```
+
+## API Endpoints
+
+### Health Check
+
+- `GET /health`: Check the health of the application
+
+### Todo Endpoints
+
+- `GET /todos`: List all todo items
+  - Query parameters:
+    - `skip`: Number of items to skip (default: 0)
+    - `limit`: Maximum number of items to return (default: 100)
+    - `completed`: Filter by completion status (optional)
+  
+- `POST /todos`: Create a new todo item
+  - Request body:
+    - `title`: Required string (1-100 characters)
+    - `description`: Optional string (0-500 characters)
+    - `completed`: Boolean (default: false)
+  
+- `GET /todos/{todo_id}`: Get a specific todo item by ID
+
+- `PUT /todos/{todo_id}`: Update a todo item
+  - Request body:
+    - `title`: Optional string (1-100 characters)
+    - `description`: Optional string (0-500 characters)
+    - `completed`: Optional boolean
+  
+- `DELETE /todos/{todo_id}`: Delete a todo item
+
+## Setup and Installation
+
+1. Clone the repository:
+```bash
+git clone <repository-url>
+cd simple-todo-application
+```
+
+2. Install dependencies:
+```bash
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+3. Run the application:
+```bash
+uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --reload
+```
+
+4. Access the API documentation:
+   - Swagger UI: http://localhost:8000/docs
+   - ReDoc: http://localhost:8000/redoc
+
+## Database Migrations
+
+The application uses Alembic for database migrations:
+
+```bash
+# Apply all migrations
+alembic upgrade head
+
+# Revert last migration
+alembic downgrade -1
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+The application can be configured using environment variables. Create a `.env` file in the project root with the following variables:
+
+```
+PROJECT_NAME=My Todo App
+CORS_ORIGINS=["http://localhost:3000","https://example.com"]
+```

alembic.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# A generic, single database configuration.
+
+[alembic]
+# path to migration scripts
+script_location = migrations
+
+# template used to generate migration files
+# file_template = %%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+
+# timezone to use when rendering the date
+# within the migration file as well as the filename.
+# string value is passed to dateutil.tz.gettz()
+# leave blank for localtime
+# timezone =
+
+# max length of characters to apply to the
+# "slug" field
+# truncate_slug_length = 40
+
+# set to 'true' to run the environment during
+# the 'revision' command, regardless of autogenerate
+# revision_environment = false
+
+# set to 'true' to allow .pyc and .pyo files without
+# a source .py file to be detected as revisions in the
+# versions/ directory
+# sourceless = false
+
+# version location specification; this defaults
+# to migrations/versions.  When using multiple version
+# directories, initial revisions must be specified with --version-path
+# version_locations = %(here)s/bar %(here)s/bat migrations/versions
+
+# the output encoding used when revision files
+# are written from script.py.mako
+# output_encoding = utf-8
+
+# SQLite URL
+sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:////app/storage/db/db.sqlite
+
+[post_write_hooks]
+# post_write_hooks defines scripts or Python functions that are run
+# on newly generated revision scripts.  See the documentation for further
+# detail and examples
+
+# format using "black" - use the console_scripts runner, against the "black" entrypoint
+# hooks=black
+# black.type=console_scripts
+# black.entrypoint=black
+# black.options=-l 79
+
+# Logging configuration
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARN
+handlers = console
+qualname =
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARN
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S

app/api/endpoints/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from app.api.endpoints.todos import router as todo_router
+
+__all__ = ["todo_router"]

app/api/endpoints/todos.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, status
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.core.exceptions import TodoNotFoundException
+from app.db.crud import todo
+from app.db.session import get_db
+from app.schemas.todo import Todo, TodoCreate, TodoUpdate
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("/", response_model=List[Todo])
+def read_todos(
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    skip: int = 0,
+    limit: int = 100,
+    completed: Optional[bool] = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Retrieve todos.
+    
+    - **skip**: Number of items to skip (for pagination)
+    - **limit**: Maximum number of items to return
+    - **completed**: Optional filter for todo completion status
+    """
+    if completed is None:
+        todos = todo.get_multi(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
+    elif completed:
+        todos = todo.get_completed(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
+    else:
+        todos = todo.get_uncompleted(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
+    
+    return todos
+
+
+@router.post("/", response_model=Todo, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
+def create_todo(
+    *,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    todo_in: TodoCreate,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Create new todo.
+    
+    - **title**: Required title for the todo
+    - **description**: Optional detailed description
+    - **completed**: Whether the todo is already completed (default: False)
+    """
+    return todo.create(db, obj_in=todo_in)
+
+
+@router.get("/{todo_id}", response_model=Todo)
+def read_todo(
+    *,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    todo_id: int,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Get todo by ID.
+    
+    - **todo_id**: The ID of the todo to retrieve
+    """
+    db_todo = todo.get(db, id=todo_id)
+    if not db_todo:
+        raise TodoNotFoundException(f"Todo with ID {todo_id} not found")
+    return db_todo
+
+
+@router.put("/{todo_id}", response_model=Todo)
+def update_todo(
+    *,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    todo_id: int,
+    todo_in: TodoUpdate,
+) -> Any:
+    """
+    Update a todo.
+    
+    - **todo_id**: The ID of the todo to update
+    - **title**: New title (optional)
+    - **description**: New description (optional)
+    - **completed**: New completion status (optional)
+    """
+    db_todo = todo.get(db, id=todo_id)
+    if not db_todo:
+        raise TodoNotFoundException(f"Todo with ID {todo_id} not found")
+    db_todo = todo.update(db, db_obj=db_todo, obj_in=todo_in)
+    return db_todo
+
+
+@router.delete("/{todo_id}", response_model=None, status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
+def delete_todo(
+    *,
+    db: Session = Depends(get_db),
+    todo_id: int,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Delete a todo.
+    
+    - **todo_id**: The ID of the todo to delete
+    """
+    db_todo = todo.get(db, id=todo_id)
+    if not db_todo:
+        raise TodoNotFoundException(f"Todo with ID {todo_id} not found")
+    todo.remove(db, id=todo_id)
+    return None

app/api/health.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, status
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.db.session import get_db
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+
+@router.get("/health", response_model=dict, status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
+async def health_check(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    """
+    Check the health of the application.
+    
+    Tests:
+    - API availability
+    - Database connection
+    """
+    health_data = {
+        "status": "ok",
+        "api": "up",
+        "database": "up",
+    }
+    
+    # Test database connection
+    try:
+        # Execute a simple query
+        db.execute("SELECT 1")
+    except Exception as e:
+        health_data["status"] = "error"
+        health_data["database"] = "down"
+        health_data["database_error"] = str(e)
+    
+    # Overall status is only "ok" if all components are up
+    if health_data["status"] == "ok":
+        return health_data
+    
+    # Return 503 Service Unavailable if any component is down
+    return health_data

app/api/routes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+
+from app.api.endpoints import todo_router
+from app.api.health import router as health_router
+
+router = APIRouter()
+
+# Include health check endpoint
+router.include_router(health_router)
+
+# Include todo endpoints
+router.include_router(todo_router, prefix="/todos", tags=["todos"])

app/core/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List
+
+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    PROJECT_NAME: str = "Simple Todo Application"
+    
+    # CORS Configuration
+    CORS_ORIGINS: List[str] = ["*"]
+    CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS: bool = True
+    CORS_ALLOW_METHODS: List[str] = ["*"]
+    CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS: List[str] = ["*"]
+    
+    # API Settings
+    API_V1_STR: str = ""
+    
+    # Database Configuration
+    DB_DIR: Path = Path("/app") / "storage" / "db"
+
+    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
+        env_file=".env",
+        env_file_encoding="utf-8",
+        case_sensitive=True,
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        # Ensure DB directory exists
+        self.DB_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+
+settings = Settings()

app/core/error_handlers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, status
+from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError
+
+
+def add_error_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    """
+    Add global error handlers to the FastAPI application.
+    """
+    @app.exception_handler(SQLAlchemyError)
+    async def sqlalchemy_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: SQLAlchemyError):
+        return JSONResponse(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            content={"detail": f"Database error: {str(exc)}"},
+        )
+
+    @app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
+    async def validation_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: RequestValidationError):
+        return JSONResponse(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+            content={"detail": f"Validation error: {str(exc)}"},
+        )

app/core/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from fastapi import HTTPException, status
+
+
+class TodoNotFoundException(HTTPException):
+    def __init__(self, detail: str = "Todo not found"):
+        super().__init__(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail=detail)
+
+
+class DatabaseError(HTTPException):
+    def __init__(self, detail: str = "Database error"):
+        super().__init__(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail=detail,
+        )
+
+
+class ValidationError(HTTPException):
+    def __init__(self, detail: str = "Validation error"):
+        super().__init__(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+            detail=detail,
+        )

app/db/crud/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from app.db.crud.crud_todo import todo
+
+__all__ = ["todo"]

app/db/crud/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generic, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
+
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.models.base import Base
+
+ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=Base)
+CreateSchemaType = TypeVar("CreateSchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
+UpdateSchemaType = TypeVar("UpdateSchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
+
+
+class CRUDBase(Generic[ModelType, CreateSchemaType, UpdateSchemaType]):
+    def __init__(self, model: Type[ModelType]):
+        """
+        CRUD object with default methods to Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD).
+        **Parameters**
+        * `model`: A SQLAlchemy model class
+        """
+        self.model = model
+
+    def get(self, db: Session, id: Any) -> Optional[ModelType]:
+        return db.query(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id).first()
+
+    def get_multi(
+        self, db: Session, *, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
+    ) -> List[ModelType]:
+        return db.query(self.model).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()
+
+    def create(self, db: Session, *, obj_in: CreateSchemaType) -> ModelType:
+        obj_in_data = jsonable_encoder(obj_in)
+        db_obj = self.model(**obj_in_data)
+        db.add(db_obj)
+        db.commit()
+        db.refresh(db_obj)
+        return db_obj
+
+    def update(
+        self,
+        db: Session,
+        *,
+        db_obj: ModelType,
+        obj_in: Union[UpdateSchemaType, Dict[str, Any]]
+    ) -> ModelType:
+        obj_data = jsonable_encoder(db_obj)
+        if isinstance(obj_in, dict):
+            update_data = obj_in
+        else:
+            update_data = obj_in.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
+        for field in obj_data:
+            if field in update_data:
+                setattr(db_obj, field, update_data[field])
+        db.add(db_obj)
+        db.commit()
+        db.refresh(db_obj)
+        return db_obj
+
+    def remove(self, db: Session, *, id: int) -> ModelType:
+        obj = db.query(self.model).get(id)
+        db.delete(obj)
+        db.commit()
+        return obj

app/db/crud/crud_todo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from app.db.crud.base import CRUDBase
+from app.models.todo import Todo
+from app.schemas.todo import TodoCreate, TodoUpdate
+
+
+class CRUDTodo(CRUDBase[Todo, TodoCreate, TodoUpdate]):
+    def get_by_title(self, db: Session, *, title: str) -> List[Todo]:
+        return db.query(self.model).filter(self.model.title.contains(title)).all()
+
+    def get_completed(self, db: Session, *, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100) -> List[Todo]:
+        return (
+            db.query(self.model)
+            .filter(self.model.completed.is_(True))
+            .offset(skip)
+            .limit(limit)
+            .all()
+        )
+
+    def get_uncompleted(self, db: Session, *, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100) -> List[Todo]:
+        return (
+            db.query(self.model)
+            .filter(self.model.completed.is_(False))
+            .offset(skip)
+            .limit(limit)
+            .all()
+        )
+
+
+todo = CRUDTodo(Todo)

app/db/session.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from typing import Generator
+
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
+
+from app.core.config import settings
+
+# Ensure DB directory exists
+DB_DIR = settings.DB_DIR
+DB_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = f"sqlite:///{DB_DIR}/db.sqlite"
+
+engine = create_engine(
+    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL,
+    connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
+)
+
+SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)
+
+
+def get_db() -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
+    """
+    Get a database session that automatically closes when done.
+    """
+    db = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        yield db
+    finally:
+        db.close()

app/middleware/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import time
+from typing import Callable
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response
+
+
+def add_logging_middleware(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    """
+    Add middleware for request logging.
+    """
+    @app.middleware("http")
+    async def log_requests(request: Request, call_next: Callable) -> Response:
+        start_time = time.time()
+        
+        response = await call_next(request)
+        
+        process_time = time.time() - start_time
+        response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)
+        
+        # Log request details (in a real app, use a proper logger)
+        print(f"{request.method} {request.url.path} - {response.status_code} - {process_time:.4f}s")
+        
+        return response

app/models/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from app.models.base import Base
+from app.models.todo import Todo
+
+__all__ = ["Base", "Todo"]

app/models/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declared_attr
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
+
+
+class Base(DeclarativeBase):
+    @declared_attr
+    def __tablename__(cls) -> str:
+        return cls.__name__.lower()

app/models/todo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, DateTime, Integer, String
+from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+
+from app.models.base import Base
+
+
+class Todo(Base):
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    title = Column(String, index=True, nullable=False)
+    description = Column(String, nullable=True)
+    completed = Column(Boolean, default=False)
+    created_at = Column(DateTime, default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+    updated_at = Column(
+        DateTime, 
+        default=func.now(), 
+        onupdate=func.now(), 
+        nullable=False
+    )

app/schemas/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from app.schemas.todo import Todo, TodoCreate, TodoInDB, TodoUpdate
+
+__all__ = ["Todo", "TodoCreate", "TodoUpdate", "TodoInDB"]

app/schemas/todo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, constr
+
+
+class TodoBase(BaseModel):
+    title: constr(min_length=1, max_length=100) = Field(..., description="The title of the todo item")
+    description: Optional[constr(max_length=500)] = Field(None, description="A detailed description of the todo item")
+    completed: bool = Field(False, description="Whether the todo item is completed")
+
+
+class TodoCreate(TodoBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class TodoUpdate(BaseModel):
+    title: Optional[constr(min_length=1, max_length=100)] = Field(None, description="The title of the todo item")
+    description: Optional[constr(max_length=500)] = Field(None, description="A detailed description of the todo item")
+    completed: Optional[bool] = Field(None, description="Whether the todo item is completed")
+
+
+class TodoInDBBase(TodoBase):
+    id: int = Field(..., description="The unique identifier of the todo item")
+    created_at: datetime = Field(..., description="When the todo item was created")
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(..., description="When the todo item was last updated")
+
+    class Config:
+        from_attributes = True
+
+
+class Todo(TodoInDBBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class TodoInDB(TodoInDBBase):
+    pass

main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+from app.api.routes import router as api_router
+from app.core.config import settings
+from app.core.error_handlers import add_error_handlers
+from app.middleware.logging import add_logging_middleware
+
+app = FastAPI(
+    title=settings.PROJECT_NAME,
+    description="Simple Todo Application API",
+    version="0.1.0",
+    docs_url="/docs",
+    redoc_url="/redoc",
+)
+
+# Set up CORS middleware
+app.add_middleware(
+    CORSMiddleware,
+    allow_origins=settings.CORS_ORIGINS,
+    allow_credentials=settings.CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS,
+    allow_methods=settings.CORS_ALLOW_METHODS,
+    allow_headers=settings.CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS,
+)
+
+# Add logging middleware
+add_logging_middleware(app)
+
+# Add global error handlers
+add_error_handlers(app)
+
+# Include API router
+app.include_router(api_router, prefix=settings.API_V1_STR)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import uvicorn
+
+    uvicorn.run("main:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, reload=True)

migrations/env.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+
+from alembic import context
+from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config, pool
+
+# Import the Base model for autogenerate support
+from app.models import Base
+
+# this is the Alembic Config object, which provides
+# access to the values within the .ini file in use.
+config = context.config
+
+# Interpret the config file for Python logging.
+# This line sets up loggers basically.
+fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+# add your model's MetaData object here
+# for 'autogenerate' support
+target_metadata = Base.metadata
+
+# other values from the config, defined by the needs of env.py,
+# can be acquired:
+# my_important_option = config.get_main_option("my_important_option")
+# ... etc.
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline():
+    """Run migrations in 'offline' mode.
+
+    This configures the context with just a URL
+    and not an Engine, though an Engine is acceptable
+    here as well.  By skipping the Engine creation
+    we don't even need a DBAPI to be available.
+
+    Calls to context.execute() here emit the given string to the
+    script output.
+
+    """
+    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
+    context.configure(
+        url=url,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+    )
+
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online():
+    """Run migrations in 'online' mode.
+
+    In this scenario we need to create an Engine
+    and associate a connection with the context.
+
+    """
+    connectable = engine_from_config(
+        config.get_section(config.config_ini_section),
+        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
+        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
+    )
+
+    with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        is_sqlite = connection.dialect.name == 'sqlite'
+        context.configure(
+            connection=connection,
+            target_metadata=target_metadata,
+            render_as_batch=is_sqlite,  # Key configuration for SQLite
+        )
+
+        with context.begin_transaction():
+            context.run_migrations()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()

migrations/script.py.mako

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""${message}
+
+Revision ID: ${up_revision}
+Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
+Create Date: ${create_date}
+
+"""
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+${imports if imports else ""}
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = ${repr(up_revision)}
+down_revision = ${repr(down_revision)}
+branch_labels = ${repr(branch_labels)}
+depends_on = ${repr(depends_on)}
+
+
+def upgrade():
+    ${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
+
+
+def downgrade():
+    ${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

migrations/versions/20240101_initial_todo_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Initial Todo table
+
+Revision ID: 9c6f0b3a8e4c
+Revises: 
+Create Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = '9c6f0b3a8e4c'
+down_revision = None
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade():
+    op.create_table(
+        'todo',
+        sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('title', sa.String(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column('description', sa.String(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column('completed', sa.Boolean(), default=False),
+        sa.Column('created_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()),
+        sa.Column('updated_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
+    )
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_todo_id'), 'todo', ['id'], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_todo_title'), 'todo', ['title'], unique=False)
+
+
+def downgrade():
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_todo_title'), table_name='todo')
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_todo_id'), table_name='todo')
+    op.drop_table('todo')

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+fastapi>=0.100.0
+uvicorn>=0.23.0
+sqlalchemy>=2.0.0
+alembic>=1.11.0
+pydantic>=2.0.0
+pydantic-settings>=2.0.0
+python-dotenv>=1.0.0
+email-validator>=2.0.0
+ruff>=0.1.6