Implement simple todo application with FastAPI and SQLite

- Set up project structure and FastAPI app
- Create database models and SQLAlchemy connection
- Implement Alembic migration scripts
- Add CRUD API endpoints for Todo items
- Add health check endpoint
- Set up validation, error handling, and middleware
- Add comprehensive documentation in README.md
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README.md
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# FastAPI Application
# Simple Todo Application
This is a FastAPI application bootstrapped by BackendIM, the AI-powered backend generation platform.
## Overview
This is a simple todo application API built with FastAPI and SQLite. It provides a RESTful API for managing todo items with the following features:
- Create, read, update, and delete todo items
- Filter todos by completion status
- Health check endpoint
- Validation and error handling
- CORS support
- Request logging
## Technologies Used
- **FastAPI**: A modern, fast (high-performance) web framework for building APIs with Python
- **SQLAlchemy**: SQL toolkit and Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) for Python
- **Pydantic**: Data validation and settings management using Python type hints
- **SQLite**: Lightweight disk-based database
- **Alembic**: Database migration tool for SQLAlchemy
- **Uvicorn**: ASGI server for running the FastAPI application
## Project Structure
```
.
├── app
│ ├── api
│ │ ├── endpoints
│ │ │ └── todos.py # Todo API endpoints
│ │ ├── health.py # Health check endpoint
│ │ └── routes.py # API router setup
│ ├── core
│ │ ├── config.py # Application configuration
│ │ ├── error_handlers.py # Global error handlers
│ │ └── exceptions.py # Custom exceptions
│ ├── db
│ │ ├── crud
│ │ │ ├── base.py # Base CRUD operations
│ │ │ └── crud_todo.py # Todo-specific CRUD operations
│ │ └── session.py # Database session setup
│ ├── middleware
│ │ └── logging.py # Request logging middleware
│ ├── models
│ │ ├── base.py # Base SQLAlchemy model
│ │ └── todo.py # Todo model definition
│ └── schemas
│ └── todo.py # Pydantic schemas for Todo model
├── migrations
│ ├── env.py # Alembic environment configuration
│ ├── script.py.mako # Alembic script template
│ └── versions
│ └── 20240101_initial_todo_table.py # Initial database migration
├── alembic.ini # Alembic configuration
├── main.py # Application entry point
└── requirements.txt # Project dependencies
```
## API Endpoints
### Health Check
- `GET /health`: Check the health of the application
### Todo Endpoints
- `GET /todos`: List all todo items
- Query parameters:
- `skip`: Number of items to skip (default: 0)
- `limit`: Maximum number of items to return (default: 100)
- `completed`: Filter by completion status (optional)
- `POST /todos`: Create a new todo item
- Request body:
- `title`: Required string (1-100 characters)
- `description`: Optional string (0-500 characters)
- `completed`: Boolean (default: false)
- `GET /todos/{todo_id}`: Get a specific todo item by ID
- `PUT /todos/{todo_id}`: Update a todo item
- Request body:
- `title`: Optional string (1-100 characters)
- `description`: Optional string (0-500 characters)
- `completed`: Optional boolean
- `DELETE /todos/{todo_id}`: Delete a todo item
## Setup and Installation
1. Clone the repository:
```bash
git clone <repository-url>
cd simple-todo-application
```
2. Install dependencies:
```bash
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
3. Run the application:
```bash
uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 --reload
```
4. Access the API documentation:
- Swagger UI: http://localhost:8000/docs
- ReDoc: http://localhost:8000/redoc
## Database Migrations
The application uses Alembic for database migrations:
```bash
# Apply all migrations
alembic upgrade head
# Revert last migration
alembic downgrade -1
```
## Configuration
The application can be configured using environment variables. Create a `.env` file in the project root with the following variables:
```
PROJECT_NAME=My Todo App
CORS_ORIGINS=["http://localhost:3000","https://example.com"]
```

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# A generic, single database configuration.
[alembic]
# path to migration scripts
script_location = migrations
# template used to generate migration files
# file_template = %%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
# timezone to use when rendering the date
# within the migration file as well as the filename.
# string value is passed to dateutil.tz.gettz()
# leave blank for localtime
# timezone =
# max length of characters to apply to the
# "slug" field
# truncate_slug_length = 40
# set to 'true' to run the environment during
# the 'revision' command, regardless of autogenerate
# revision_environment = false
# set to 'true' to allow .pyc and .pyo files without
# a source .py file to be detected as revisions in the
# versions/ directory
# sourceless = false
# version location specification; this defaults
# to migrations/versions. When using multiple version
# directories, initial revisions must be specified with --version-path
# version_locations = %(here)s/bar %(here)s/bat migrations/versions
# the output encoding used when revision files
# are written from script.py.mako
# output_encoding = utf-8
# SQLite URL
sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:////app/storage/db/db.sqlite
[post_write_hooks]
# post_write_hooks defines scripts or Python functions that are run
# on newly generated revision scripts. See the documentation for further
# detail and examples
# format using "black" - use the console_scripts runner, against the "black" entrypoint
# hooks=black
# black.type=console_scripts
# black.entrypoint=black
# black.options=-l 79
# Logging configuration
[loggers]
keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic
[handlers]
keys = console
[formatters]
keys = generic
[logger_root]
level = WARN
handlers = console
qualname =
[logger_sqlalchemy]
level = WARN
handlers =
qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
[logger_alembic]
level = INFO
handlers =
qualname = alembic
[handler_console]
class = StreamHandler
args = (sys.stderr,)
level = NOTSET
formatter = generic
[formatter_generic]
format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
datefmt = %H:%M:%S

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app/__init__.py Normal file
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app/api/__init__.py Normal file
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from app.api.endpoints.todos import router as todo_router
__all__ = ["todo_router"]

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app/api/endpoints/todos.py Normal file
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from typing import Any, List, Optional
from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, status
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from app.core.exceptions import TodoNotFoundException
from app.db.crud import todo
from app.db.session import get_db
from app.schemas.todo import Todo, TodoCreate, TodoUpdate
router = APIRouter()
@router.get("/", response_model=List[Todo])
def read_todos(
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
skip: int = 0,
limit: int = 100,
completed: Optional[bool] = None,
) -> Any:
"""
Retrieve todos.
- **skip**: Number of items to skip (for pagination)
- **limit**: Maximum number of items to return
- **completed**: Optional filter for todo completion status
"""
if completed is None:
todos = todo.get_multi(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
elif completed:
todos = todo.get_completed(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
else:
todos = todo.get_uncompleted(db, skip=skip, limit=limit)
return todos
@router.post("/", response_model=Todo, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
def create_todo(
*,
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
todo_in: TodoCreate,
) -> Any:
"""
Create new todo.
- **title**: Required title for the todo
- **description**: Optional detailed description
- **completed**: Whether the todo is already completed (default: False)
"""
return todo.create(db, obj_in=todo_in)
@router.get("/{todo_id}", response_model=Todo)
def read_todo(
*,
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
todo_id: int,
) -> Any:
"""
Get todo by ID.
- **todo_id**: The ID of the todo to retrieve
"""
db_todo = todo.get(db, id=todo_id)
if not db_todo:
raise TodoNotFoundException(f"Todo with ID {todo_id} not found")
return db_todo
@router.put("/{todo_id}", response_model=Todo)
def update_todo(
*,
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
todo_id: int,
todo_in: TodoUpdate,
) -> Any:
"""
Update a todo.
- **todo_id**: The ID of the todo to update
- **title**: New title (optional)
- **description**: New description (optional)
- **completed**: New completion status (optional)
"""
db_todo = todo.get(db, id=todo_id)
if not db_todo:
raise TodoNotFoundException(f"Todo with ID {todo_id} not found")
db_todo = todo.update(db, db_obj=db_todo, obj_in=todo_in)
return db_todo
@router.delete("/{todo_id}", response_model=None, status_code=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
def delete_todo(
*,
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
todo_id: int,
) -> None:
"""
Delete a todo.
- **todo_id**: The ID of the todo to delete
"""
db_todo = todo.get(db, id=todo_id)
if not db_todo:
raise TodoNotFoundException(f"Todo with ID {todo_id} not found")
todo.remove(db, id=todo_id)
return None

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from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, status
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from app.db.session import get_db
router = APIRouter()
@router.get("/health", response_model=dict, status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
async def health_check(db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
"""
Check the health of the application.
Tests:
- API availability
- Database connection
"""
health_data = {
"status": "ok",
"api": "up",
"database": "up",
}
# Test database connection
try:
# Execute a simple query
db.execute("SELECT 1")
except Exception as e:
health_data["status"] = "error"
health_data["database"] = "down"
health_data["database_error"] = str(e)
# Overall status is only "ok" if all components are up
if health_data["status"] == "ok":
return health_data
# Return 503 Service Unavailable if any component is down
return health_data

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from fastapi import APIRouter
from app.api.endpoints import todo_router
from app.api.health import router as health_router
router = APIRouter()
# Include health check endpoint
router.include_router(health_router)
# Include todo endpoints
router.include_router(todo_router, prefix="/todos", tags=["todos"])

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app/core/__init__.py Normal file
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from pathlib import Path
from typing import List
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
class Settings(BaseSettings):
PROJECT_NAME: str = "Simple Todo Application"
# CORS Configuration
CORS_ORIGINS: List[str] = ["*"]
CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS: bool = True
CORS_ALLOW_METHODS: List[str] = ["*"]
CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS: List[str] = ["*"]
# API Settings
API_V1_STR: str = ""
# Database Configuration
DB_DIR: Path = Path("/app") / "storage" / "db"
model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
env_file=".env",
env_file_encoding="utf-8",
case_sensitive=True,
)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
# Ensure DB directory exists
self.DB_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
settings = Settings()

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from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, status
from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError
def add_error_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
"""
Add global error handlers to the FastAPI application.
"""
@app.exception_handler(SQLAlchemyError)
async def sqlalchemy_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: SQLAlchemyError):
return JSONResponse(
status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
content={"detail": f"Database error: {str(exc)}"},
)
@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
async def validation_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: RequestValidationError):
return JSONResponse(
status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
content={"detail": f"Validation error: {str(exc)}"},
)

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from fastapi import HTTPException, status
class TodoNotFoundException(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, detail: str = "Todo not found"):
super().__init__(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail=detail)
class DatabaseError(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, detail: str = "Database error"):
super().__init__(
status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
detail=detail,
)
class ValidationError(HTTPException):
def __init__(self, detail: str = "Validation error"):
super().__init__(
status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
detail=detail,
)

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app/db/__init__.py Normal file
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app/db/crud/__init__.py Normal file
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from app.db.crud.crud_todo import todo
__all__ = ["todo"]

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from typing import Any, Dict, Generic, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar, Union
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from app.models.base import Base
ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=Base)
CreateSchemaType = TypeVar("CreateSchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
UpdateSchemaType = TypeVar("UpdateSchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
class CRUDBase(Generic[ModelType, CreateSchemaType, UpdateSchemaType]):
def __init__(self, model: Type[ModelType]):
"""
CRUD object with default methods to Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD).
**Parameters**
* `model`: A SQLAlchemy model class
"""
self.model = model
def get(self, db: Session, id: Any) -> Optional[ModelType]:
return db.query(self.model).filter(self.model.id == id).first()
def get_multi(
self, db: Session, *, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
) -> List[ModelType]:
return db.query(self.model).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()
def create(self, db: Session, *, obj_in: CreateSchemaType) -> ModelType:
obj_in_data = jsonable_encoder(obj_in)
db_obj = self.model(**obj_in_data)
db.add(db_obj)
db.commit()
db.refresh(db_obj)
return db_obj
def update(
self,
db: Session,
*,
db_obj: ModelType,
obj_in: Union[UpdateSchemaType, Dict[str, Any]]
) -> ModelType:
obj_data = jsonable_encoder(db_obj)
if isinstance(obj_in, dict):
update_data = obj_in
else:
update_data = obj_in.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
for field in obj_data:
if field in update_data:
setattr(db_obj, field, update_data[field])
db.add(db_obj)
db.commit()
db.refresh(db_obj)
return db_obj
def remove(self, db: Session, *, id: int) -> ModelType:
obj = db.query(self.model).get(id)
db.delete(obj)
db.commit()
return obj

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from typing import List
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from app.db.crud.base import CRUDBase
from app.models.todo import Todo
from app.schemas.todo import TodoCreate, TodoUpdate
class CRUDTodo(CRUDBase[Todo, TodoCreate, TodoUpdate]):
def get_by_title(self, db: Session, *, title: str) -> List[Todo]:
return db.query(self.model).filter(self.model.title.contains(title)).all()
def get_completed(self, db: Session, *, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100) -> List[Todo]:
return (
db.query(self.model)
.filter(self.model.completed.is_(True))
.offset(skip)
.limit(limit)
.all()
)
def get_uncompleted(self, db: Session, *, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100) -> List[Todo]:
return (
db.query(self.model)
.filter(self.model.completed.is_(False))
.offset(skip)
.limit(limit)
.all()
)
todo = CRUDTodo(Todo)

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from typing import Generator
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
from app.core.config import settings
# Ensure DB directory exists
DB_DIR = settings.DB_DIR
DB_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = f"sqlite:///{DB_DIR}/db.sqlite"
engine = create_engine(
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL,
connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
)
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)
def get_db() -> Generator[Session, None, None]:
"""
Get a database session that automatically closes when done.
"""
db = SessionLocal()
try:
yield db
finally:
db.close()

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import time
from typing import Callable
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response
def add_logging_middleware(app: FastAPI) -> None:
"""
Add middleware for request logging.
"""
@app.middleware("http")
async def log_requests(request: Request, call_next: Callable) -> Response:
start_time = time.time()
response = await call_next(request)
process_time = time.time() - start_time
response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)
# Log request details (in a real app, use a proper logger)
print(f"{request.method} {request.url.path} - {response.status_code} - {process_time:.4f}s")
return response

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from app.models.base import Base
from app.models.todo import Todo
__all__ = ["Base", "Todo"]

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from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declared_attr
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
@declared_attr
def __tablename__(cls) -> str:
return cls.__name__.lower()

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from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, DateTime, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.sql import func
from app.models.base import Base
class Todo(Base):
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
title = Column(String, index=True, nullable=False)
description = Column(String, nullable=True)
completed = Column(Boolean, default=False)
created_at = Column(DateTime, default=func.now(), nullable=False)
updated_at = Column(
DateTime,
default=func.now(),
onupdate=func.now(),
nullable=False
)

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from app.schemas.todo import Todo, TodoCreate, TodoInDB, TodoUpdate
__all__ = ["Todo", "TodoCreate", "TodoUpdate", "TodoInDB"]

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from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, constr
class TodoBase(BaseModel):
title: constr(min_length=1, max_length=100) = Field(..., description="The title of the todo item")
description: Optional[constr(max_length=500)] = Field(None, description="A detailed description of the todo item")
completed: bool = Field(False, description="Whether the todo item is completed")
class TodoCreate(TodoBase):
pass
class TodoUpdate(BaseModel):
title: Optional[constr(min_length=1, max_length=100)] = Field(None, description="The title of the todo item")
description: Optional[constr(max_length=500)] = Field(None, description="A detailed description of the todo item")
completed: Optional[bool] = Field(None, description="Whether the todo item is completed")
class TodoInDBBase(TodoBase):
id: int = Field(..., description="The unique identifier of the todo item")
created_at: datetime = Field(..., description="When the todo item was created")
updated_at: datetime = Field(..., description="When the todo item was last updated")
class Config:
from_attributes = True
class Todo(TodoInDBBase):
pass
class TodoInDB(TodoInDBBase):
pass

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from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from app.api.routes import router as api_router
from app.core.config import settings
from app.core.error_handlers import add_error_handlers
from app.middleware.logging import add_logging_middleware
app = FastAPI(
title=settings.PROJECT_NAME,
description="Simple Todo Application API",
version="0.1.0",
docs_url="/docs",
redoc_url="/redoc",
)
# Set up CORS middleware
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=settings.CORS_ORIGINS,
allow_credentials=settings.CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS,
allow_methods=settings.CORS_ALLOW_METHODS,
allow_headers=settings.CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS,
)
# Add logging middleware
add_logging_middleware(app)
# Add global error handlers
add_error_handlers(app)
# Include API router
app.include_router(api_router, prefix=settings.API_V1_STR)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=8000, reload=True)

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from logging.config import fileConfig
from alembic import context
from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config, pool
# Import the Base model for autogenerate support
from app.models import Base
# this is the Alembic Config object, which provides
# access to the values within the .ini file in use.
config = context.config
# Interpret the config file for Python logging.
# This line sets up loggers basically.
fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
# add your model's MetaData object here
# for 'autogenerate' support
target_metadata = Base.metadata
# other values from the config, defined by the needs of env.py,
# can be acquired:
# my_important_option = config.get_main_option("my_important_option")
# ... etc.
def run_migrations_offline():
"""Run migrations in 'offline' mode.
This configures the context with just a URL
and not an Engine, though an Engine is acceptable
here as well. By skipping the Engine creation
we don't even need a DBAPI to be available.
Calls to context.execute() here emit the given string to the
script output.
"""
url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
context.configure(
url=url,
target_metadata=target_metadata,
literal_binds=True,
dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
)
with context.begin_transaction():
context.run_migrations()
def run_migrations_online():
"""Run migrations in 'online' mode.
In this scenario we need to create an Engine
and associate a connection with the context.
"""
connectable = engine_from_config(
config.get_section(config.config_ini_section),
prefix="sqlalchemy.",
poolclass=pool.NullPool,
)
with connectable.connect() as connection:
is_sqlite = connection.dialect.name == 'sqlite'
context.configure(
connection=connection,
target_metadata=target_metadata,
render_as_batch=is_sqlite, # Key configuration for SQLite
)
with context.begin_transaction():
context.run_migrations()
if context.is_offline_mode():
run_migrations_offline()
else:
run_migrations_online()

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"""${message}
Revision ID: ${up_revision}
Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
Create Date: ${create_date}
"""
from alembic import op
import sqlalchemy as sa
${imports if imports else ""}
# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
revision = ${repr(up_revision)}
down_revision = ${repr(down_revision)}
branch_labels = ${repr(branch_labels)}
depends_on = ${repr(depends_on)}
def upgrade():
${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
def downgrade():
${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

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"""Initial Todo table
Revision ID: 9c6f0b3a8e4c
Revises:
Create Date: 2024-01-01 00:00:00.000000
"""
from alembic import op
import sqlalchemy as sa
# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
revision = '9c6f0b3a8e4c'
down_revision = None
branch_labels = None
depends_on = None
def upgrade():
op.create_table(
'todo',
sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
sa.Column('title', sa.String(), nullable=False),
sa.Column('description', sa.String(), nullable=True),
sa.Column('completed', sa.Boolean(), default=False),
sa.Column('created_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()),
sa.Column('updated_at', sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.now()),
sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
)
op.create_index(op.f('ix_todo_id'), 'todo', ['id'], unique=False)
op.create_index(op.f('ix_todo_title'), 'todo', ['title'], unique=False)
def downgrade():
op.drop_index(op.f('ix_todo_title'), table_name='todo')
op.drop_index(op.f('ix_todo_id'), table_name='todo')
op.drop_table('todo')

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requirements.txt Normal file
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fastapi>=0.100.0
uvicorn>=0.23.0
sqlalchemy>=2.0.0
alembic>=1.11.0
pydantic>=2.0.0
pydantic-settings>=2.0.0
python-dotenv>=1.0.0
email-validator>=2.0.0
ruff>=0.1.6